Glossary

Glossary

Abstract

Shared vocabulary for the End User track. Terms are defined as used in this repo, not as MarketingView marketing copy. Cross-links point at deeper systems manuals where useful.

Conceptual model

Terms fall into four buckets:

1. Language representation — grammar, AST, unparser
2. Execution — series, bar-loop, builtins, strategy events
3. Surfaces — CLI, library, LSP, Pro API
4. Ecosystem — AXIS, HOOX, PyneTS, pyne-worker, pyne-agent-worker

Rendering…

Interface surface

This page is pure reference — no commands required.

Internals (repo paths)

Invariants & edge cases

• Pine Script™ / TradingView® are trademarks of TradingView, Inc. PYNE is independent (see product index).
• “Parity” is empirical (tests/corpus), not a legal claim of equivalence.

Terms

ASDL

Abstract Syntax Description Language. Schema language used to generate Python AST node classes (Pinescript.asdl → generated node module). Gives a single algebraic description of script structure.

Annotation

Special comments such as //@version=6 (preferred) attached to script or declaration nodes during parse (_add_annotations in helper.py).

AST

Abstract Syntax Tree. In-memory tree of ASDL-generated nodes produced by parse. Root is typically a Script (mode="exec") or Expression (mode="eval").

AXIS

Optional charting PWA “AXIS” product (frontend/, docs at /axis/docs). Consumes evaluate results (series/plots); not required for evaluation.

Bar / bar-loop

A discrete OHLCV time step. A bar-loop evaluator re-executes script logic once per bar with updated series history (pynescript.runtime.Runtime.run).

Builtin

Host-provided namespace function or value (ta.rsi, strategy.entry, math.sqrt, …). Implemented under ast/evaluator/builtins/ and catalogued for LSP metadata.

CLI

The preferred pyne Click command group (alias pynescript: check, format, lint, compile, prewarm, run, data, info). pyne run is compile-only synthetic smoke — not Runtime.run.

Compile mode

mode="compile" on Runtime / /run: attempts a Numba (or similar) compiled subset of bar logic for speed. Not full language coverage.

Data provider

Historical OHLCV source (mock, yahoo, alphavantage, ccxt) via pynescript.util.data.

Data feed

Realtime stream abstraction (datafeed, e.g. CCXT Pro) for live candles/trades.

Dump

dump(node) — pretty textual representation of an AST for debugging and tests (not executable Pine).

Evaluate / evaluator

Execution of AST nodes to values. Ranges from literal_eval (expression-safe) to full statement/builtin evaluators and package pynescript.runtime.Runtime (Pro API / workers share the same host).

Extra (package extra)

Optional dependency set in pyproject.toml: lsp, dev-lsp, compile, data, datafeed, pro.

HOOX

Edge trade execution mesh (separate monorepo / docs under /docs). Can consume strategy events from evaluate pipelines; optional.

Interpret mode

Default Runtime mode: AST walking per bar without the compiled subset path.

libraries=

Optional Runtime.run / POST /run list of {namespace, name, version, source} dicts registered before import ns/Name/ver resolves. Compile-ineligible. HTTP cap is 32. Not available on pyne run.

literal_eval

Helper that parses an expression (or accepts an AST) and evaluates literals plus supported builtins/series context — analogous in spirit to Python’s ast.literal_eval but Pine-aware and broader.

Lint / LintWarning

Static diagnostics with code, message, line, severity (error|warning). Entry: lint_script.

LSP

Language Server Protocol. pyne-lsp process (alias pynescript-lsp) implementing diagnostics, completion, hover, navigation, formatting.

once

August 2026 Pine conditional structure (hoox-pyne 0.4.4). once [cond] runs its indented block the first time the condition is true on a closed bar, then never again. Optional condition defaults to true. Unlike if / switch, it does not return a value (x = once … does not parse). Interpret may re-run the body on unconfirmed realtime ticks until barstate.isconfirmed. See Expressions & statements.

NodeVisitor / NodeTransformer

Patterns for traversing or rewriting ASTs (visitor.py, transformer.py).

OHLCV

Open, high, low, close, volume — bar fields passed to Runtime / /run (plus time).

PyneTS

TypeScript / Bun library (@hoox-sh/pynets). Public names match Python: parse, unparse, Runtime.run. Not a Worker and not pyne-worker. See PyneTS.

pyne-agent-worker

Sister Cloudflare Worker that turns natural language into Pine source (POST /v1/chat). Standalone by default; optional validate via pyne-worker. See pyne-agent-worker.

pyne-worker

Python Cloudflare Worker (sister repo) embedding pynescript for edge POST /run. See pyne-worker. HOOX mesh notes: isolate profile.

Plot / series / plot_meta

Evaluate outputs: plotted values, named multi-series maps, and metadata for AXIS UIs (AXIS).

Pro API

Flask application in backend/ exposing /run, preview, backtest, and auth endpoints.

PYNE

Product name for this evaluation stack (docs under /pyne/docs). PyPI distribution is hoox-pyne; the import package is pynescript.

Round-trip

parse → unparse (optionally → parse again). Used to normalize formatting and test fidelity.

Runtime

pynescript.runtime.Runtime — multi-bar execution engine (src/pynescript/runtime/host.py). backend.runtime re-exports the same class for the Pro API. Library default mode is interpret; POST /run defaults to auto. See modes.

Series

Time-indexed value stream with history access (close[1]). Implementation includes PineSeries and evaluator series objects.

Strategy event

Structured record of entries/exits/orders emitted during strategy evaluation for downstream systems (HOOX, analytics).

timeout_seconds

Optional Runtime.run wall-clock budget (interpret path). Also a POST /run / /run/batch body field (0.3.11+). Exceeded runs return partial plots with timed_out. Omit / null / ≤ 0 → no timeout.

Optimize (hyperparameter search)

pynescript.optimize.run_study / pyne optimize / POST /optimize (0.3.12+). Loops interpret Runtime with input.* overrides for a strategy() script. Not a Pine builtin and not /backtest/quick.

timeframe.change

timeframe.change(tf) is true on the first bar of a new UTC fixed-width period (0.3.12+). Not exchange-calendar / DST aware. See known divergences.

Unparse

unparse(node) — regenerate Pine source text from an AST.

//@version

Version pragma annotation; linter expects v5+ for modern scripts.

Warmup

Bars required before a TA function has enough history; early outputs may be na.

Worked examples

Using terms together:

Source --parse--> AST --unparse--> normalized source
AST + OHLCV --Runtime bar-loop--> series + strategy events
AST --lint_script--> LintWarnings
AST --LSP--> editor diagnostics/completion
series --AXIS--> chart
events --HOOX--> exchange orders

Failure modes

Misusing terms often causes support confusion:

See also

• End User hub
• FAQ
• PYNE product map
• AXIS docs
• HOOX docs